NI-Cd BATTERY CHARGER CIRCUIT

1. This circuit can be primarily used for charging 12V Ni-Cd battery packs. Any way 6V and 9V battery packs can be also charged by using this circuit a little compromise on power efficiency.
2. he built in automatic current regulator regulates the charging current to somewhat 4 amperes. When the charging current reaches 4A, the voltage across resistor R1 becomes 0.7V and switches the transistor Q1 ON.
3. The transistor Q2 which is now in ON state will shorts the base of Q3 to ground and inhibits the biasing of Q4 through which the charging is done. That is how the current regulation is achieved.
4. 
   
    When charging low voltage battery packs, the excess voltage will be dropped across Q4.It is advised to use a heat sink with transistor Q4.
   

   
   
   NOTES:
   

   • The circuit can be assembled on a Vero board.
   • T1 can be a 230V primary, 12V secondary,4A step down transformer.
   • Bridge D1 can be made by using 1N5400 diodes.
   • Fuse F1 can be a 500mA type.